ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes
organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for …

Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of
biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono-or multi-species cultures of …

Antibiotic resistance is mediated through several distinct mechanisms, most of which are
relatively well understood and the clinical importance of which has long been recognized …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane
protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC …

Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs; also called giant viruses), constituting the
phylum Nucleocytoviricota, can infect a wide range of eukaryotes and exchange genetic …

Efficiency of protein synthesis on the ribosome is strongly affected by the amino acid
composition of the assembled amino acid chain. Challenging sequences include proline …

Having multiple rounds of translation of the same mRNA creates dynamic complexities
along with opportunities for regulation related to ribosome pausing and stalling at specific …

Target protection proteins confer resistance to the host organism by directly binding to the
antibiotic target. One class of such proteins are the antibiotic resistance (ARE) ATP-binding …

Genome-encoded antibiotic resistance (ARE) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins of the F
subfamily (ARE-ABCFs) mediate intrinsic resistance in diverse Gram-positive bacteria. The …