Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at
the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In …

The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The
tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which …

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the
environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful …

The gastrointestinal tract is often considered as a key organ involved in the digestion of food
and providing nutrients to the body for proper maintenance. However, this system is …

Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast
literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased …

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral
cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial …

Abstract The mucin2 (MUC2) mucus barrier acts as the first barrier that prevents direct
contact between intestinal bacteria and colonic epithelial cells. Bacterial factors related to …

The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of
years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of …

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of
microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during …

The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria,
referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple …