This paper reviews and evaluates the current state of knowledge on the direct effects of
terrestrial runoff on (1) the growth and survival of hard coral colonies,(2) coral reproduction …

With rubble predicted to increase on coral reefs worldwide, we review the physical,
biological, and ecological dynamics of rubble beds, with a focus on how rubble generation …

Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently
observed in many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs have provided a model for such …

Degradation of coral reefs is often associated with changes in community structure where
macroalgae become the dominant benthic life form. These phase shifts can be difficult to …

Structural complexity provided by the living coral reef framework is the basis of the rich and
dynamic biodiversity in coral reefs. In many cases today, the reduction in habitat complexity …

Bioerosion, involving the weakening and breakdown of calcareous coral reef structures, is
due to the chemical and mechanical activities of numerous and diverse biotic agents. These …

Coral reefs face multiple anthropogenic threats, from pollution and overfishing to the dual
effects of greenhouse gas emissions: rising sea temperature and ocean acidification [1] …

Bioerosion of calcium carbonate is the natural counterpart of biogenic calcification. Both are
affected by ocean acidification (OA). We summarize definitions and concepts in bioerosion …

There is a long history of examining the impacts of nutrient pollution and pH on coral reefs.
However, little is known about how these two stressors interact and influence coral reef …

We review the evidence for multiple ecological states and the factors that create ecological
resilience in coral reef ecosystems. There are natural differences among benthic …