The open field test (OFT) is a common measure of exploratory behavior and general activity
in both mice and rats, where both the quality and quantity of the activity can be measured …

It is widely believed that environmental standardization is the best way to guarantee
reproducible results in animal experiments. However, mounting evidence indicates that …

Brain plasticity as a neurobiological reflection of individuality is difficult to capture in animal
models. Inspired by behavioral-genetic investigations of human monozygotic twins reared …

Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test hypotheses regarding how
cognition evolves. Comparative psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the …

In the human brain, the morphology of cortical gyri and sulci is complex and variable among
individuals, and it may reflect pathological functioning with specific abnormalities observed …

γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibition plays a critical role in sha**
neuronal activity in the neocortex. Numerous experimental investigations have examined …

Animal models play a central role in all areas of biomedical research. The process of animal
model building, development and evaluation has rarely been addressed systematically …

Stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Animal models of these
disorders are widely used in behavioral neuroscience to explore stress-evoked brain …

If we conduct the same experiment in two laboratories or repeat a classical study many
years later, will we obtain the same results? Recent research with mice in neural and …

The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat is an established depression model characterized by elevated
anxiety-and depression-like behavior across a variety of tests. Here we further characterized …