Freshwater scarcity is a vital societal challenge related to climate change, population
pressure, and agricultural and industrial demands. Therefore, sustainable desalination …

Brine, also known as concentrate, is the by-product of the desalination process that has an
adverse impact on the environment due to its high salinity. Hence, viable and cost-effective …

Owing to its 100% theoretical salt rejection capability, membrane distillation (MD) has
emerged as a promising seawater desalination approach to address freshwater scarcity …

Membrane distillation (MD) has been garnering increasing attention in research and
development, since it has been proposed as a promising technology for desalinating …

Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging technology for the desalination of brines. In some
cases, liquid penetrates into the pores of the membrane, causing pore wetting. MD's …

Brine is a saline wastewater generated from several industries (eg, desalination, energy and
oil production) and its disposal can have adverse environmental impacts. To address this …

Rapid population growth and industrialization have contributed to a dramatic decline in the
supply of freshwater. As a result, desalination is an important choice to solve the global …

Shortage of freshwater is a global challenge related to population growth, changes in
climate conditions and industrial and agricultural needs. Thus, sustainable freshwater …

Membrane distillation (MD) utilizing low-grade thermal energy can be used to effectively
desalinate hypersaline brines with a high freshwater recovery for water reuse. Membrane …

Membrane distillation (MD) is an alternative membrane technology that offers the capacity to
treat highly saline water including industrial wastewater, seawater, brine water from other …