Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular retinal disease associated with
chronic diabetes mellitus, characterized by the damage of blood vessels in the eye. It is …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a severe complication of diabetes mellitus,
characterized by irreversible visual impairment resulting from microvascular abnormalities …

The aim of this study is to evaluate molecules involved in oxidative stress (OS),
inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, and discern which of these are more likely to be …

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the major cause of visual impairment in people with
diabetes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now the most widely used modality to …

Progressive dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the adjacent
photoreceptor cells in the outer retina plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic …

Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the visual system encompass glaucoma, macular
degeneration, retinopathies, and inherited genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa …

Targeted drug delivery and the reduction of off‐target effects are crucial for the promising
clinical application of nucleic acid drugs. To address this challenge, a new approach for …

In the field of eye health, the profound impact of exercise and physical activity on various
ocular diseases has become a focal point of attention. This review summarizes and …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe ocular complication of diabetes which can leads to
irreversible vision loss in its late-stage. Chronic inflammation results from long-term …

Eye disorders affect a substantial portion of the global population, yet the availability of
efficacious ophthalmic drug products remains limited. This can be partly ascribed to a …