Recent progress in electronic skin or e‐skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on
technologies needed in three main applications: skin‐attachable electronics, robotics, and …

Abstract Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and
biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous …

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) make effective use of ion injection from an
electrolyte to modulate the bulk conductivity of an organic semiconductor channel. The …

Flexible electronics have suggested tremendous potential to shape human lives for more
convenience and pleasure. Strenuous efforts have been devoted to develo** flexible …

The distributed network of receptors, neurons, and synapses in the somatosensory system
efficiently processes complex tactile information. We used flexible organic electronics to …

The brain is capable of massively parallel information processing while consuming only∼ 1–
100 fJ per synaptic event,. Inspired by the efficiency of the brain, CMOS-based neural …

Reproducing ion channel–based neural functions with artificial fluidic systems has long
been an aspirational goal for both neuromorphic computing and biomedical applications. In …

Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and
accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe …

Memristive and nanoionic devices have recently emerged as leading candidates for
neuromorphic computing architectures. While top-down fabrication based on conventional …

The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high
efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic …