Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

Pathogens are ubiquitous and a constant threat to their hosts, which has led to the evolution
of sophisticated immune systems in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial immune …

Bacteria encode hundreds of diverse defence systems that protect them from viral infection
and inhibit phage propagation,,,–. Gabija is one of the most prevalent anti-phage defence …

Although eukaryotic Argonautes have a pivotal role in post-transcriptional gene regulation
through nucleic acid cleavage, some short prokaryotic Argonaute variants (pAgos) rely on …

In response to the persistent exposure to phage infection, bacteria have evolved diverse
antiviral defense mechanisms. In this study, we report a bacterial two-component defense …

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has been proposed to be involved in a bacterial anti-
phage defense system called RADAR. RADAR contains an adenosine triphosphatase …

The co-evolution of prokaryotes, phages and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) has driven
the diversification of defense and anti-defense systems alike. Anti-defense proteins have …

Due to recent discovery efforts, over 100 immune systems encoded by bacteria that
antagonize bacteriophage (phage) replication have been uncovered. These systems …

SIR2-HerA, a bacterial two-protein anti-phage defense system, induces bacterial death by
depleting NAD+ upon phage infection. Biochemical reconstitution of SIR2, HerA, and the …

In recent years, a vast number of novel antiphage defense mechanisms were uncovered. To
facilitate the exploration of mechanistic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects related to …