In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only~ 10–15%
of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological …

One literature treats the hippocampus as a purely cognitive structure involved in memory;
another treats it as a regulator of emotion whose dysfunction leads to psychopathology. We …

Long-term depression (LTD) in the CNS has been the subject of intense investigation as a
process that may be involved in learning and memory and in various pathological …

Glutamate's role as a neurotransmitter at synapses has been known for 40 years, but
glutamate has since been shown to regulate neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth …

Chen C‐H, Suckling J, Lennox BR, Ooi C, Bullmore ET. A quantitative meta‐analysis of fMRI
studies in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 1–15.© 2011 The Authors. Journal …

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a follow-up study of bipolar
disorder (BD), a common neuropsychiatric disorder. In the GWAS, we investigated 499,494 …

Studies of early life stress (ELS) demonstrate the long-lasting effects of acute and chronic
stress on developmental trajectories. Such experiences can become biologically …

Background Hippocampal dysfunction and volume reductions have been reported in
patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The hippocampus consists of anatomically …

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3), an important component of the glycogen metabolism
pathway, is highly expressed in the CNS. It has been implicated in major neurological …

People diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, addiction or
schizophrenia often have dysregulated memory, mood, pattern separation and/or reward …