Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging
technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine …

The development of targeted medicine has greatly expanded treatment options and spurred
new research avenues in cancer therapeutics, with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) emerging …

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are
able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different …

The fact that various immune cells, including macrophages, can be found in tumor tissues
has long been known. With the introduction of concept that macrophages differentiate into a …

As an essential innate immune population for maintaining body homeostasis and warding
off foreign pathogens, macrophages display high plasticity and perform diverse supportive …

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, delivery to tumor cells
in vivo is hampered by the large size (150 kDa) of conventional antibodies. The minimal …

Highlights•Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are critically important for regulation of
immune responses in cancer.•MDSC have distinct features separating them from neutrophils …

Hypoxia promotes not only the invasiveness of tumor cells, but also chemoresistance in
cancer. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) residing at the site of hypoxic region of …

Highlights•Nanobodies (Nbs) are camelid-derived single-domain antibodies.•Nbs have
powerful binding and inhibitory capacity with great therapeutic potential.•Nbs are used in …

Breast cancer is associated with the second highest cancer-associated deaths worldwide.
Therefore, understanding the key events that determine breast cancer progression …