This review examines the dichotomy between automatic and autonomous behaviors in
surgical robots, maps the possible levels of autonomy of these robots, and describes the …

Background From traditional open surgery to laparoscopic surgery and robot‐assisted
surgery, advances in robotics, machine learning, and imaging are pushing the surgical …

Autonomous robotic surgery has the potential to provide efficacy, safety, and consistency
independent of individual surgeon's skill and experience. Autonomous anastomosis is a …

We explore whether surgical manipulation tasks can be learned on the da Vinci robot via
imitation learning. However, the da Vinci system presents unique challenges which hinder …

Simple Summary Robot-assisted surgery facilitates the examination and improvement of
artificial intelligence (AI) integration in surgical processes through the provision of …

Background: Breast reconstruction is a pivotal part of the recuperation process following a
mastectomy and aims to restore both the physical aesthetic and emotional well-being of …

Robotic Surgical Assistants (RSAs) are commonly used to perform minimally invasive
surgeries by expert surgeons. However, long procedures filled with tedious and repetitive …

Automation of surgical subtasks using cable-driven robotic surgical assistants (RSAs) such
as Intuitive Surgical's da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) is challenging due to imprecision in …

Background Robotic technology is an important tool in surgical innovation, with robots
increasingly being used in the clinical setting. Robots can be used to enhance accuracy …

In the future, surgical robots will grant the option of executing surgical tasks autonomously,
supervised by the surgeon. We propose a simple framework for learning surgical action …