Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its
progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm …

The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages
are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly …

On 12 March 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of 4 August 2020, more than 18 million …

The COVID-19 pandemic now totaling 13,000,000 cases and over 571,000 deaths has
continued to teach the medical, scientific and lay communities about viral infectious disease …

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many …

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing
ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting …

Pericytes are unique, multi-functional mural cells localized at the abluminal side of the
perivascular space in microvessels. Originally discovered in 19th century, pericytes had …

Angiogenesis is a vital process for the growth and dissemination of solid cancers. Numerous
molecular pathways are known to drive angiogenic switch in cancer cells promoting the …

Advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers.
Unfortunately, tumors usually have impaired blood perfusion, which limits the delivery of …

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by
creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of …