Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is the most widely used non-destructive method to
determine the water content of soils and other porous media. TDR equipment can be …

Abstract Accurate prediction of Land Surface Temperature (LST) is critical for understanding
and mitigating the effects of climate change and land use dynamics. This study proposes a …

Rapid urbanization over the world's dense urban centers cause an enormous change in the
land use land cover (LULC) over a metropolitan area, which adversely affects the land …

This study used a 30-year observed (1985–2014) precipitation, and the latest Coupled
Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) based …

Soil temperature is an essential factor for agricultural, meteorological, and hydrological
applications. Direct measurement, despite its high accuracy, is impractical on a large spatial …

Studying phenology is undeniably one of the most effective ways to monitor and perceive
how a particular plant species interact and respond to varying environmental conditions. In …

Accurate prediction of soil temperature (T s) is critical for efficient soil, water and field crop
management. In this study, hourly T s variations at 5, 10, and 30 cm soil depth were …

Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential variable for high-temperature prediction,
drought monitoring, climate, and ecological environment research. Several recent studies …

Understanding hillslope-scale surface runoff generation processes are challenging due to
the non-linear interactions among the different hydro-meteorological variables. Often the …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) has been broadly applied for vadose zone applications in
recent years. This article provides a comprehensive review of such developments. ML …