The 143 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) of the world constitute 80% of the world's
population or roughly 5.86 billion people with much variation in geography, culture, literacy …

Introduction: Substandard and falsified medicines undermine health systems. We sought to
unravel the political and economic factors which drive the production of these products, and …

Access to affordable healthcare–including medicines, is considered to be an integral
element of the right to health. Individual countries are expected to develop legislation and …

The Drugs (Prices Control) Order of 2013 in India regulated the prices of certain essential
and life-saving drugs to ensure their affordability and availability, expecting an increase in …

We study the equilibrium effects of introducing competitive bidding in drug procurement. In
2019, China introduced a competitive bidding program where drug companies bid for a …

Abstract Background In India, due to a lack of population-level financial risk protection
mechanisms, the expenditure on healthcare is primarily out-of-pocket in nature. Through …

This study investigates the influence that business ambidexterity of the Indian
pharmaceutical industry can exert on exports, after the evolution from producer—often with …

Introduction In India, public sector patients purchase drugs from private pharmacies instead
of obtaining them for free from public pharmacies—a phenomenon we call public patient …

This paper focuses on the role that price transparency may play in the efficient and effective
procurement of medicines by Middle and Low Income Countries. Will making prices publicly …

Executive summary Pakistan's pharmaceutical sector has not seen the growth and
dynamism one would expect from industries with an upward growth trajectory. It has also not …