Global warming and local eutrophication simultaneously lower oxygen (O2) saturation and
increase biological O2 demands to cause deoxygenation. Tropical shallow waters, and their …

The deep ocean absorbs vast amounts of heat and carbon dioxide, providing a critical buffer
to climate change but exposing vulnerable ecosystems to combined stresses of warming …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

The deep sea plays a critical role in global climate regulation through uptake and storage of
heat and carbon dioxide. However, this regulating service causes warming, acidification and …

Plastic contamination is now recognized as one of the most serious environmental issues for
oceans. Both macro-and microplastic debris are accumulating in surface and deep waters …

Seamounts are one of the major biomes of the global ocean. The last 25 years of research
has seen considerable advances in the understanding of these ecosystems. The …

Cold-water corals (CWCs) are the engineers of complex ecosystems forming unique
biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. They are expected to suffer dramatically from future …

We estimate ocean heat content (OHC) change in the upper 2000 m in the Gulf of Mexico
(GOM) from 1950 to 2020 to improve understanding of regional warming. Our estimates are …

Cold-water corals, such as Lophelia pertusa, are key habitat-forming organisms found
throughout the world's oceans to 3000 m deep. The complex three-dimensional framework …