The global demand for renewable energy is on the rise. Expansion of onshore wind energy
is in many parts of the world limited by societal acceptance, and also ecological impacts are …

Since 2004, marine biodiversity inventory data have been systematically collected with
diving, video, and benthic sampling methods in Finland. To date, this collection of data …

Abstract The Baltic Sea is essential for marine ecosystem services (MES) provision and the
region's socio-economic dynamics. It is considered one of the busiest and most polluted …

High-resolution map** of deep-sea polymetallic nodules is needed (a) to understand the
reasons behind their patchy distribution,(b) to associate nodule coverage with benthic fauna …

Machine learning spatial modeling is used for map** the distribution of deep-sea
polymetallic nodules (PMN). However, the presence and influence of spatial autocorrelation …

Mineral deposits containing commercially exploitable metals are of interest for seabed
mineral extraction in both the deep sea and shallow sea areas. However, the development …

Ferromanganese concretions commonly occur in shallow‐water coastal regions worldwide.
In the Baltic Sea, they can record information about past and present underwater …

The growth and metal enrichment of ferromanganese minerals on the seafloor have
intrigued many studies, yet the role of microbes in the process has remained elusive. Here …

The discovery of rare metal resources in international waters has raised seabed mining
claims for large areas of the bottom. There is abundant scientific evidence of major negative …

Tämän mietinnön tarkoitus on lisätä ymmärrystä luontosopimusten ja-strategioiden
tavoitteista. Tieteellisesti pätevien vertailutilojen ja mittareiden valinta erikseen jokaiselle …