A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …

This paper critically reviews applications of metaheuristics for solving the Transit Route
Network Design Problem (TRNDP). A structured review is offered and prominent …

Ground transportation infrastructure significantly impacts community connectivity, economic
growth, and access to essential services such as jobs, education, and healthcare. However …

Many practical optimization problems in the fields of transportation, business, engineering,
environmental economics, etc., involve more than one level of decision making and can be …

Bike sharing can play a role in providing access to transit stations and then to final
destinations, but early implementation of these systems in North America has been …

In the transportation literature, equity has been and is still used with a variety of meanings
and purposes. Traditionally, equity has been considered in strategic transport planning but …