The intensity of tropical cyclones is sensitive to the air–sea fluxes of enthalpy and
momentum. Sea spray plays a critical role in mediating enthalpy and momentum fluxes over …

We present a review of existing wind–wave coupling models and parameterizations used for
large-eddy simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The models are classified …

The air–sea fluxes of momentum, heat, freshwater and their components have been
computed globally from 1948 at frequencies ranging from 6-hourly to monthly. All fluxes are …

Waves breaking at the ocean surface are important to the dynamical, chemical and
biological processes at the air‐sea interface. The traditional view is that the white cap** …

This report documents the basis of recommendations for converting between wind speeds
having different time averaging periods under tropical cyclone conditions. The report was …

The Coupled Boundary Layer Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST) field program, conducted from
2002 to 2004, has provided a wealth of new air–sea interaction observations in hurricanes …

Quantifying air–sea exchanges of enthalpy and momentum is important for understanding
and skillfully predicting tropical cyclone intensity, but the magnitude of the corresponding …

In this study, data from 794 GPS dropsondes deployed by research aircraft in 13 hurricanes
are analyzed to study the characteristic height scales of the hurricane boundary layer. The …

The present study describes the atmospheric component of the sixth‐generation climate
models of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), namely, ARPEGE …

An axisymmetric numerical model is used to evaluate the maximum possible intensity of
tropical cyclones. As compared with traditionally formulated nonhydrostatic models, this new …