Alterations in inhibitory interneurons contribute to cognitive deficits associated with several
psychiatric and neurological diseases. Phasic and tonic inhibition imparted by γ …

The presence of insoluble aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) in the form of neuritic plaques (NPs)
is one of the main features that define Alzheimer's disease. Studies have suggested that the …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons mature in adolescence coinciding with development of
adult cognitive function. Preclinical studies using the rodent model of adolescent intermittent …

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by triplication of human chromosome 21.
In addition to intellectual disability, DS is defined by a premature aging phenotype and …

During aging humans lose midbrain dopamine neurons, but not all dopamine regions
exhibit vulnerability to neurodegeneration. Microglia maintain tissue homeostasis and …

Ethinyl Estradiol (EE), a synthetic, orally bio-available estrogen, is the most commonly
prescribed form of estrogen in oral contraceptives, and is found in at least 30 different …

Female mammals undergo natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormone levels throughout life.
These fluctuations span from early development, to cyclic changes associated with the …

Different components of executive function such as working memory, attention, and cognitive
flexibility can be dissociated behaviorally and mechanistically; however, the within-subject …

We trained and tested young (6–8 months; n= 13), middle-aged (12–14 months; n= 41), and
aged (22–24 months; n= 24) male Fischer 344 rats in a rapid acquisition water maze task …

Brain ageing is a complex process which in its pathologic form is associated with learning
and memory dysfunction or cognitive impairment. During ageing, changes in cholinergic …