Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological
systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

Enamel is the hardest and most resilient tissue in the human body. Enamel includes
morphologically aligned, parallel,∼ 50 nm wide, microns-long nanocrystals, bundled either …

Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with
hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in …

The regeneration of tooth enamel, the hardest biological tissue, remains a considerable
challenge because its complicated and well-aligned apatite structure has not been …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine
biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the …

Biological organisms can use amorphous precursors to produce inorganic skeletons with
continuous structures through complete particle fusion. Synthesizing monoliths is much …

Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and
extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the …

In the last few decades, numerous studies have investigated the impacts of simulated ocean
acidification on marine species and communities, particularly those inhabiting dynamic …

Biomineralized composites, which are usually composed of microscopic mineral building
blocks organized in 3D intercrystalline organic matrices, have evolved unique structural …