Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

As an essential micronutrient, manganese (Mn) participates in various physiological
processes and plays important roles in host immune system, hematopoiesis, endocrine …

Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is
caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

Vaccine development utilizing various platforms is one of the strategies that has been
proposed to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjuvants are …

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and
essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending …

Despite the widespread applications of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) in
biomedicine, the intrinsic immunogenicity of MONs is still unclear. MnOx nanospikes (NSs) …

Strategies to manipulate immune cell co-inhibitory or co-activating signals have
revolutionized immunotherapy. However, certain immunologically cold diseases, such as …

The acidic characteristic of the tumor site is one of the most well‐known features and
provides a series of opportunities for cancer‐specific theranostic strategies. In this regard …

Cancer immunotherapies have reshaped the paradigm for cancer treatment over the past
decade. Among them, therapeutic cancer vaccines that aim to modulate antigen‐presenting …