The information-rich vessel movement data provided by the Automatic Identification System
(AIS) has gained much popularity over the past decade, during which the employment of …

Ship** routes in the ocean are analogous to terrestrial roads, in that they are regularly
used thoroughfares that concentrate the movement of vessels between multiple locations …

Meeting climate mitigation goals would require transformative changes in the transport
sector (high confidence). In 2019, direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport …

The rapid Arctic summer sea ice reduction in the last decade has lead to debates in the
maritime industries on the possibility of an increase in cargo transportation in the region …

Rapid loss of sea ice is opening up the Arctic Ocean to ship**, a practice that is forecasted
to increase rapidly by 2050 when many models predict that the Arctic Ocean will largely be …

With current scientific models forecasting an ice-free Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) in summer
by mid-century and potentially earlier, a direct ship** route via the North Pole connecting …

Background Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation,
maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing of a mine can …