Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and
weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are …

Naturally occurring tropical Pacific variations at timescales of 7–70 years—tropical Pacific
decadal variability (TPDV)—describe basin-scale sea surface temperature (SST), sea-level …

BACKGROUND Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropics have a profound influence on
the climate system. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is spawned in the tropical …

Abstract Interactions among the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans through ocean–
atmosphere coupling can initiate and/or modulate climate variability. The Pacific Ocean is …

An anomalous strengthening in western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) increases moisture
transport from the tropics to East Asia, inducing anomalous boreal summer monsoonal …

Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provides most of the global seasonal
climate forecast skill,–, yet, quantifying the sources of skilful predictions is a long-standing …

Abstract The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate phenomenon
affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. Its response to greenhouse warming has …

Abstract The western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) is an important
atmospheric circulation system that conveys El Niño impact on East Asian climate. In this …