Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been viewed as a degenerative disease of cartilage, but
accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation has a critical role in its pathogenesis. In …

This review is motivated by the true explosion in the number of recent studies both
develo** and ameliorating probabilistic models of codon evolution. Traditionally …

RAxML-VI-HPC (randomized axelerated maximum likelihood for high performance
computing) is a sequential and parallel program for inference of large phylogenies with …

Proportional and separate models able to apply different combination of substitution rate
matrix (SRM) and among‐site rate variation model (ASRVM) to each locus are frequently …

Amino acid replacement matrices are an essential basis of protein phylogenetics. They are
used to compute substitution probabilities along phylogeny branches and thus the likelihood …

The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the
most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa …

The field of molecular evolution has experienced explosive growth in recent years due to the
rapid accumulation of genetic sequence data, continuous improvements to computer …

Our understanding of the origins, the functions and/or the structures of biological sequences
strongly depends on our ability to decipher the mechanisms of molecular evolution. These …

PHYML Online is a web interface to PHYML, a software that implements a fast and accurate
heuristic for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies from DNA and protein sequences …

Background In recent years, model based approaches such as maximum likelihood have
become the methods of choice for constructing phylogenies. A number of authors have …