Chemical gardens are perhaps the best example in chemistry of a self-organizing
nonequilibrium process that creates complex structures. Many different chemical systems …

Far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, many precipitation reactions create complex
product structures with fascinating features caused by their unusual origins. Unlike the …

Tubular structures created by precipitation abound in nature, from chimneys at hydrothermal
vents to soda straws in caves. Their formation is controlled by chemical gradients within …

Chemical gardens form when ferrous chloride hydrate seed crystals are added or
concentrated solutions are injected into solutions of sodium silicate and potassium …

Spontaneous physical compartmentalization of chemically distinct reaction chambers is a
fundamental principle in living systems since the formation of the first protocells.[1] However …

The chemical mechanisms underlying the growth of cave formations such as stalactites are
well known, yet no theory has yet been proposed which successfully accounts for the …

The growth of chemical gardens is studied experimentally in a horizontal confined geometry
when a solution of metallic salt is injected into an alkaline solution at a fixed flow rate …

Inorganic precipitate membranes play an important role in chemobrionics and origin of life
research. They can involve a range of catalytic materials, affect crystal habits, and show …

The self-assembly of inorganic structures beyond the euhedral shape repertoire is a
powerful approach to grow hierarchically ordered materials and mesoscopic devices. The …

We have grown chemical gardens in different sodium silicate solutions from several metal-
ion salts calcium chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, and nickel sulfate with …