Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by dysfunctions in
three domains including emotional processing, cognitive processing, and psychomotor …

Objectives Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing bipolar and unipolar
depression characterize pathophysiological differences between these conditions. However …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD). This
is understandable, as depression often precedes mania and is otherwise indistinguishable …

There are significantly fewer options for the treatment of bipolar depression than major
depressive disorder, with an urgent need for alternative therapies. In this pilot study, we …

The clinical misdiagnosis ratio of bipolar disorder (BD) patients to major depressive disorder
(MDD) patients is high. Recent findings hypothesize that the ability to flexibly recruit …

Millions of women worldwide use oral contraceptives (ie, birth control pill; OCs), often
starting during puberty/adolescence; however, it is unknown how OC use during this critical …

Evidence has indicated abnormalities of thalamo-cortical functional connectivity (FC) in
bipolar disorder during a depressive episode (BDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Background Growing literature continues to identify brain regions that are functionally
altered in bipolar disorder. However, precise functional network correlates of bipolar …

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common affective disorder characterized by recurrent
oscillations between mood states and associated with inflammatory diseases and chronic …

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an efficient treatment for major depressive
disorder (MDD), however, it also brings memory impairment. The insula is a critical brain …