Successful in vivo infection following pathogen entry requires the evasion and subversion of
multiple immunological barriers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immune …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect a broad host range and cause mild to life threating
infections in humans. The surface glycoproteins of HSV are evolutionarily conserved and …

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein present in large quantities in colostrum and in breast
milk, in external secretions and in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Lactoferrin's main function …

Lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron binding glycoprotein, plays an important role in immune
regulation and defence mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Lactoferrin's iron …

Although lactoferrin has many biological functions, the host-protective effects against
pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses are regarded as one of the …

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex carbohydrates that are ubiquitously present on
the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Interactions between GAGs and pathogens …

Breastfeeding protects the neonate against pathogen infection. Major mechanisms of
protection include human milk glycoconjugates functioning as soluble receptor mimetics that …

In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the latest pandemic resulted from the
coronavirus family. Due to the high prevalence of this disease, its high mortality rate, and the …

Citation Wira CR, Patel MV, Ghosh M, Mukura L, Fahey JV. Innate immunity in the human
female reproductive tract: endocrine regulation of endogenous antimicrobial protection …