Mitochondria are double membrane organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide energy by
generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. They are …

Protein evolution or engineering studies are traditionally focused on amino acid
substitutions and the way these contribute to fitness. Meanwhile, the insertion and deletion …

DNA replication stress can stall replication forks, leading to genome instability. DNA damage
tolerance pathways assist fork progression, promoting replication fork reversal, translesion …

Activation of the KRAS oncogene is a source of replication stress, but how this stress is
generated and how it is tolerated by cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we show …

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) forms continuously during DNA replication and is an
important intermediate during recombination-mediated repair of damaged DNA. Replication …

DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis are hallmarks and enabling characteristics of
neoplastic cells that drive tumorigenesis and allow cancer cells to resist therapy. The 'Y …

G quadruplexes (G4s) can present potent blocks to DNA replication. Accurate and timely
replication of G4s in vertebrates requires multiple specialized DNA helicases and …

The electron transport chain is the primary pathway by which a cell generates energy in the
form of ATP. Byproducts of this process produce reactive oxygen species that can cause …

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by endogenous aldehydes or chemotherapeutic
agents interfere with essential processes such as replication and transcription. ICL …

During DNA replication, conflicts with ongoing transcription are frequent and require careful
management to avoid genetic instability. R‐loops, three‐stranded nucleic acid structures …