Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The
outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is …

Uraemia causes inflammation and reduces immune system function as evidenced by an
increased risk of viral-associated cancers, increased susceptibility to infections and …

Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease are chronic conditions with high community
prevalence across the world. Patients with chronic kidney disease have been noted to have …

Background The use of implanted medical devices is associated with a small but clinically
important risk of foreign body infection. A key question is: why do some patients develop …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphaturic hormone whose physiologic actions on
target tissues are mediated by FGF receptors (FGFR) and klotho, which functions as a co …

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and
mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections, accounting for 50 …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with impaired host response and
increased susceptibility to infections. Leukocyte recruitment during inflammation must be …

Infectious disease is recognized as an important complication among patients with end-
stage renal disease, contributing to excess morbidity and health care costs. However, recent …

Kidney disease is a known risk factor for poor outcomes of COVID-19 and many other
serious infections. Conversely, infection is the second most common cause of death in …

English language citations reporting complications of arteriovenous access for hemodialysis
are critically reviewed and discussed. Venous hypertension, arterial steal syndrome, and …