Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and
is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is
available from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1. Compiled by NOAA's National …

STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2018 Page 1 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2018 Special
Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 100, No. 9, September …

Abstract Ice-free areas occupy< 0.5% of Antarctica and are unevenly distributed across the
continent. Terrestrial ecosystem dynamics in ice free areas are strongly influenced by …

In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere—carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—reached new record highs. The annual global …

The TC data used here are from the JTWC western North Pacific (WNP) best-track dataset
for the 1945–2017 period and from the JTWC preliminary operational data for 2018 …

Scientific evidence is abundantly clear and convincing that due to the current trajectory of
human-derived emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, the atmosphere and ocean …

This article discusses the properties and occurrence of an active layer (AL) in the near-
surface of the lithosphere in glacial and periglacial environments. This layer shows a …