Background The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in STEM education (AI-STEM), as an
emerging field, is confronted with a challenge of integrating diverse AI techniques and …

Artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has proven to be a useful learning technology;
it can help learners achieve positive learning outcomes in the learning environment and can …

This study investigates the application of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-
3.5 and GPT-4, with Chain-of-Though (CoT) in the automatic scoring of student-written …

According to various international reports, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is one of
the currently emerging fields in educational technology. Whilst it has been around for about …

Abstract In response to Li, Reigh, He, and Miller's commentary, Can we and should we use
artificial intelligence for formative assessment in science, we argue that artificial intelligence …

Involving students in scientific modeling practice is one of the most effective approaches to
achieving the next generation science education learning goals. Given the complexity and …

Machine learning (ML) is an emergent computerised technology that relies on algorithms
built by 'learning'from training data rather than 'instruction', which holds great potential to …

Formative assessment is considered to be helpful in students' learning support and teaching
design. Following Aufschnaiter's and Alonzo's framework, formative assessment practices of …

Abstract Argumentation is fundamental to science education, both as a prominent feature of
scientific reasoning and as an effective mode of learning—a perspective reflected in …

This study develops a framework to conceptualize the use and evolution of machine
learning (ML) in science assessment. We systematically reviewed 47 studies that applied …