Blockchain technology provides efficient and secure solutions to various online activities by
utilizing a wide range of cryptographic tools. In this article, we survey the existing literature …

The emergence of numerous consensus algorithms for distributed systems has resulted from
the swift advancement of blockchain and its related technologies. Consensus algorithms …

This paper presents the first critical analysis of building highly secure, performant, and
confidential Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus by integrating off-the-shelf crash fault …

This paper introduces Nimble, a cloud service that helps applications running in trusted
execution environments (TEEs) to detect rollback attacks (ie, detect whether a data item …

Public cloud platforms have leveraged Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technology to
provide confidential computing services. However, TEE-protected applications still suffer …

The scalability problem has been one of the most significant barriers limiting the adoption of
blockchains. Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to this problem. However, the …

The growing interest in reliable multi-party applications has fostered widespread adoption of
Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (bft) consensus protocols. Existing bft protocols need f more …

Confidentiality, integrity protection, and high availability, abbreviated to CIA, are essential
properties for trustworthy data systems. The rise of cloud computing and the growing …

Byzantine fault-tolerance (BFT) consensus is a fundamental building block of distributed
systems such as blockchains. However, implementations based on classic PBFT and most …

Abstract The Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms have been widely
applied in the blockchain systems because of their fault tolerance capability to determine …