Background Flower coloration is a key enabler for pollinator attraction. Floral visual signals
comprise several components that are generated by specific anatomical structures and …

Mutant analyses have given insight into the various parameters that contribute to flower
colour and pattern, which is so important for pollination. One important factor is the …

Publisher Summary Birds can see ultraviolet (UV) light because, unlike humans, their lenses
and other ocular media transmit UV, and they possess a class of photoreceptor, which is …

Background Red coloration of fruit is an important trait in apple, and it is mainly attributed to
the accumulation of anthocyanins, a class of plant flavonoid metabolites. Anthocyanin …

Communication and learning from each other are part of the success of insect societies.
Here, we review a spectrum of social information usage in insects—from inadvertently …

Fundamental concepts about the diversity and evolution of signals have been developed
mainly in the context of sexual selection. Here, we review the functional ecology of signals in …

This book takes a uniquely integrated approach to the study of floral biology. Flowers are the
beautiful and complex reproductive structures of the angiosperms, one of the most diverse …

The outer layers of a range of plant tissues, including flower petals, leaves and fruits, exhibit
an intriguing variation of microscopic structures. Some of these structures include ordered …

Research in the honeybee has laid the foundations for our understanding of insect colour
vision. The trichromatic colour vision of honeybees shares fundamental properties with …

The biosynthesis of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins was studied in cultivated strawberry
(Fragaria× ananassa) by combining biochemical and molecular approaches. Chemical …