With the advent of blockchain, smart contracts have become one of the most sought-after
technologies because of the high customisability they add to transactions. This has given …

We study the problem of building a verifiable delay function (VDF). A VDF VDF requires a
specified number of sequential steps to evaluate, yet produces a unique output that can be …

Designing a secure permissionless distributed ledger (blockchain) that performs on par with
centralized payment processors, such as Visa, is a challenging task. Most existing …

Smart contracts are computer programs that can be correctly executed by a network of
mutually distrusting nodes, without the need of an external trusted authority. Since smart …

Smart contract platforms such as Ethereum and Libra provide ways to seamlessly remove
trust and add transparency to various distributed applications. Yet, these platforms lack …

Cryptocurrencies record transactions in a decentralized data structure called a blockchain.
Two of the most popular cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum, support the feature to …

Smart contracts are programs that execute autonomously on blockchains. Their key
envisioned uses (eg financial instruments) require them to consume data from outside the …

Important decisions about people are increasingly made by algorithms: Votes are counted;
voter rolls are purged; financial aid decisions are made; taxpayers are chosen for audits; air …

Since the inception of Bitcoin, a plethora of distributed ledgers differing in design and
purpose has been created. While by design, blockchains provide no means to securely …