Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers the
opportunity to examine adaptive responses to extreme environments. A large body of work …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for develo** …

The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased risk of psychopathology,
and reward processing (RP) may be one of the underlying mechanisms. However, evidence …

Racism-related stressors, from experiences of both implicit and explicit racial discrimination
to systemic socioeconomic disadvantage, have a cumulative impact on Black Americans' …

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a prevalent disorder. A growing body of evidence linking
the pathology of the reward network to chronic pain suggests that pain sensitization may …

Proper thyroid function is essential to the develo** brain, including dopamine neuron
differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Stress across the lifespan impacts thyroid hormone …

Today, children are surviving pediatric cancer at unprecedented rates, making it one of
modern medicine's true success stories. However, we are increasingly becoming aware of …