BACKGROUND The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons, each of which makes
thousands of synaptic connections. Although individual neurons can themselves be …

Tremendous progress has been made since Neuron published our Primer on genetic
dissection of neural circuits 10 years ago. Since then, cell-type-specific anatomical …

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Proximity labeling catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes, such as TurboID, have enabled the
proteomic analysis of subcellular regions difficult or impossible to access by conventional …

This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

The circadian clock regulates animal physiological activities. How temperature reorganizes
circadian-dependent physiological activities remains elusive. Here, using in-vivo two-photon …

Multicellular organisms depend on physical cell–cell interactions to control physiological
processes such as tissue formation, neurotransmission and immune response. These …

The neural circuits responsible for behavior remain largely unknown. Previous efforts have
reconstructed the complete circuits of small animals, with hundreds of neurons, and selected …

Long-lasting internal arousal states motivate and pattern ongoing behaviour, enabling the
temporary emergence of innate behavioural programs that serve the needs of an animal …