Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent diseases characterized by changes in mood and
emotions. The most common are major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder …

Elements (bioelements) are necessary factors required for the physiological function of
organisms. They are critically involved in fundamental processes of life. Extra-and …

Carvone is a monoterpene that is present in spearmint (Mentha spicata) and caraway
(Carum carvi) essential oils and has been shown to have anticonvulsant effects, likely …

Metabolic and psychiatric disorders present a bidirectional relationship. GLP-1 system,
known for its insulinotropic effects, has also been associated with numerous regulatory …

Non-medical use of amphetamine (AMPH) among adolescents is prevalent, which is
problematic given the potential consequences of developmental drug exposure on brain …

It is known that bipolar disorder has a multifactorial aetiology where the interaction between
genetic and environmental factors is responsible for its development. Because of this …

Manic bipolar is diagnosed by psychomotor agitation, increased goal-directed activity,
insomnia, grandiosity, excessive speech, and risky behavior. Animal studies aimed to …

Purinergic dysfunctions are associated with mania and depression pathogenesis. P2X7
receptor (P2X7R) mediates the IL-1β maturation via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We …

Lithium has been the most important mood stabilizer used for the treatment of bipolar
disorder and prophylaxis of manic and depressive episodes. Despite long use in clinical …

Protein kinase C inhibitor tamoxifen reduces symptoms of acute mania in bipolar patients
and mania-like behaviors in animals. Memory impairment and altered levels of glutamate …