Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally‐occurring, and highly‐concentrated form of methane,
sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low …

The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions
influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) …

Thermokarst is the process whereby the thawing of ice-rich permafrost ground causes land
subsidence, resulting in development of distinctive landforms. Accelerated thermokarst due …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Large quantities of organic carbon are stored in frozen soils (permafrost) within Arctic and
sub-Arctic regions. A warming climate can induce environmental changes that accelerate …

Thermokarst lakes are an important ecosystem component in permafrost terrains; therefore,
quantifying changes in these lakes is important for evaluating the water balance and carbon …

Lakes and ponds represent one of the largest natural sources of the greenhouse gas
methane. By surface area, almost half of these waters are located in the boreal region and …

There are a number of initiatives aimed at compiling large-scale global multi-region input–
output (MRIO) tables complemented with non-monetary information such as on resource …

We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate
data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple …

Understanding the dynamics of methane (CH 4) emissions is of paramount importance
because CH 4 has 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and is …