Computations have helped elucidate the dynamics of Earth's mantle for several decades
already. The numerical methods that underlie these simulations have greatly evolved within …

ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth's ConvecTion) is a massively parallel finite
element code originally designed for modeling thermal convection in the mantle with a …

Tectonic plate motions predominantly result from a balance between the potential energy
change of the subducting slab and viscous dissipation in the mantle, bending lithosphere …

Transform faults accommodate the lateral motions between lithospheric plates, producing
large earthquakes. Away from active transform boundaries, former oceanic transform faults …

Grain size plays a key role in controlling the mechanical properties of the Earth's mantle,
affecting both long‐time‐scale flow patterns and anelasticity on the time scales of seismic …

Geodynamic simulations increasingly rely on models with a true free surface to investigate
questions of dynamic topography, tectonic deformation, gravity perturbations, and global …

Many vertical seismic velocity anomalies observed below different parts of the Eurasian
plate are rooted in the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle (410–660 km) …

The connection between the geological record and dynamic topography driven by mantle
convective flow has been established over widely varying temporal and spatial scales. As …

Orogeny results from crustal thickening at active margins, and much progress has been
made on understanding the associated kinematics. However, the ultimate cause of orogeny …

Abstract Particle‐in‐cell (PIC) methods couple mesh‐based methods for the solution of
continuum mechanics problems with the ability to advect and evolve properties on particles …