Gliflozins are a novel class of oral anti-diabetic drugs, acting as inhibitors of sodium-glucose
co-transporters (SGLTs) through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and intestinal …

Parkinson's disease is a common progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease,
characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Numerous pathological …

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a commonly used anthracycline chemotherapy with a side effect of
cardiotoxicity, which may increase the risk of heart failure for cancer patients. Although …

The protein kinase, GSK-3, participates in diverse biological processes and is now
recognized a promising drug discovery target in treating multiple pathological conditions …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and
nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the …

Glucose metabolism is essential for the maintenance and function of the central nervous
system. Although the brain constitutes only 2% of the body weight, it consumes …

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global chronic disease in adults with beta-amyloid (Aβ)
deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau protein as the pathologic characteristics. Although …

Background Metabolic syndrome and related metabolic disturbances represent a state of
low-grade inflammation, which accelerates insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and …

The number of diabetic patients has risen dramatically in recent decades, owing mostly to
the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several oral antidiabetic …

Empagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, has been demonstrated
to provide additional non-glycemic benefits, including neuroprotection. Endoplasmic …