Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral
infection. Despite the existence of at least 20 IFNs, there are only three known cell surface …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Yellow fever virus (YFV) live attenuated vaccine can, in rare cases, cause life-threatening
disease, typically in patients with no previous history of severe viral illness. Autosomal …

Wnt proteins modulate cell proliferation and differentiation and the self-renewal of stem cells
by inducing β-catenin-dependent signalling through the Wnt receptor frizzled (FZD) and the …

Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by
Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity. Later, it became …

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic
programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell …

Cytokines interact with their receptors in the extracellular space to control immune
responses. How the physicochemical properties of the extracellular space influence cytokine …

The efficacy of several therapeutic strategies against cancer, including cytotoxic drugs,
radiotherapy, targeted immunotherapies and oncolytic viruses, depend on intact type I …

Type I interferons (IFN-1) are cytokines that affect the expression of thousands of genes,
resulting in profound cellular changes. IFN-1 activates the cell by dimerizing its two-receptor …

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β–and IFN-λ–mediated immunity in the CNS can
underlie herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE). The respective contributions of …