Abstract 'Reactive oxygen species'(ROS) is a generic term that defines a wide variety of
oxidant molecules with vastly different properties and biological functions that range from …

Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central
nervous system (CNS). Current therapies mainly target inflammatory processes during acute …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), discovered 46 years ago, is a transcript factor member
of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) family deeply implicated in health …

The gut microbiome influences many host physiologies, spanning gastrointestinal function,
metabolism, immune homeostasis, neuroactivity, and behavior. Many microbial effects on …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the most common acquired demyelinating disorder of the
central nervous system (CNS). Its pathogenesis, in parallel with the well-established role of …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major catabolic pathway for the essential amino acid
tryptophan leading to he production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In inflammatory …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by dysregulated self-reactive
immune responses that damage the neurons' myelin sheath, leading to progressive …

For decades, activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) was excluded from
consideration as a therapeutic approach due to the potential toxic effects of AhR ligands and …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous
system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of self-reactive T lymphocytes, mainly …