Soil salinity is a crucial environmental constraint which limits biomass production at many
sites on a global scale. Saline growth conditions cause osmotic and ionic imbalances …

The photosynthetic electron transport chain consists of photosystem II, the cytochrome b6f
complex, photosystem I, and the free electron carriers plastoquinone and plastocyanin. Light …

The effects of short-term salt stress on gas exchange and the regulation of photosynthetic
electron transport were examined in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and its salt-tolerant …

Photosynthetic organisms and isolated photosystems are of interest for technical
applications. In nature, photosynthetic electron transport has to work efficiently in contrasting …

Besides major photosynthetic complexes of oxygenic photosynthesis, new electron carriers
have been identified in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts. These minor …

In the light, photosynthetic cells can potentially suffer from oxidative damage derived from
reactive oxygen species. Nevertheless, a variety of oxygenic photoautotrophs, including …

Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for
photosynthesis and in the past 200–250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately …

To assess the roles of the cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF-PSI) and O2-dependent
alternative pathways including the water–water cycle in fluctuating light, we grew the wild …

The proton motive force (pmf) generated across the thylakoid membrane rotates the Fo-ring
of ATP synthase in chloroplasts. The pmf comprises two components: membrane potential (∆ …

Plastids have retained from their cyanobacterial ancestor a fragment of the respiratory
electron chain comprising an NADPH dehydrogenase and a diiron oxidase, which sustain …