Our brains consist of 80% water, which is continuously shifted between different
compartments and cell types during physiological and pathophysiological processes …

The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that
utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote …

Studies of the choroid plexus lag behind those of the more widely known blood-brain barrier,
despite a much longer history. This review has two overall aims. The first is to outline long …

The two major interfaces separating brain and blood have different primary roles. The
choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles, accounting for most net fluid …

The adult brain functions within a well-controlled stable environment, the properties of which
are determined by cellular exchange mechanisms superimposed on the diffusion restraint …

The overall premise of this review is that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is transported within a
dedicated peri-vascular network facilitating metabolic waste clearance from the central …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates
within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its …

Efficient processing of information by the central nervous system (CNS) represents an
important evolutionary advantage. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms have developed that …

The brain develops and functions within a strictly controlled environment resulting from the
coordinated action of different cellular interfaces located between the blood and the …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a routine assessment before spine surgery. We found
that the opportunistic use of MRI with the vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score has good …