Background Medical exposure from diagnostic X-ray machines represents the primary
artificial source of human exposure to low ionizing radiation. Knee X-rays are a standard …

Abstract This work established Clinical Diagnostic Reference levels (DRLci) for adult
Computed Tomography (CT) examination and its application in the practice of medical …

The purpose of this work was to estimate entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) for adult
patients examined for pelvis, hip joint and lumber spine radiography in the governmental …

As the total volume of mammograms in Dubai is increasing consistently, it is crucial to focus
on the process of dose optimization by determining dose reference levels for such sensitive …

Background The production of a good quality chest radiograph depends on the selection of
appropriate kilovoltage and current–time product while kee** the radiation dose to …

This study aimed to measure entrance surface air kerma (ESAK, in mGy) during routine skull
X-ray examinations of adult patients and to establish a local diagnostic reference level …

Medical exposure for abdomen radiography is associated with higher doses compared to X-
Rays of the chest and other extremities. The study aims to determine the mean entrance skin …

Diagnostic reference level (DRL) is an appropriate instrument toward promoting radiation
doses optimisation in medical imaging. The goal of this research is develo** DRL to …

THIS STUDY aims at providing an overview and evaluation of the current situation of the
national Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in Saudi Arabia. Studies published in Pubmed …

Introduction: Dose quantities have been designed to protect human beings (protection
quantities) and operational quantities, by ICRU and ICRP as dose absorption varies …