This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Spectroscopic measurements of dense plasmas at billions of atmospheres provide tests to
our fundamental understanding of how matter behaves at extreme conditions. Develo** …

Realizing the potential for predictive density functional calculations of matter under extreme
conditions depends crucially upon having an exchange-correlation (XC) free-energy …

Continuum lowering is a well known and important physics concept that describes the
ionization potential depression (IPD) in plasmas caused by thermal-or pressure-induced …

Advanced X-ray spectroscopic methods provide unique and critical data to study matter
under extreme environmental conditions induced by high-intensity and high-energy lasers …

Experiments creating extreme states of matter almost invariably create non-equilibrium
states. These are very interesting in their own right but need to be understood even if the …

The study of atomic spectroscopy and collision processes in a dense plasma environment
has gained a considerable interest in the past few years due to its several applications in …

Short-pulse, laser-solid interactions provide a unique platform for studying complex high-
energy-density matter. We present the first demonstration of solid-density, micron-scale keV …

The radial dependence of the free electron density within the ion sphere radius in finite
temperature dense plasmas shows characteristic scaling laws that permit us to derive …

Single-shot absorption measurements have been performed using the multi-keV x rays
generated by a laser-wakefield accelerator. A 200 TW laser was used to drive a laser …