Fish serve as hosts to a range of parasites that are taxonomically diverse and that exhibit a
wide variety of life cycle strategies. Whereas many of these parasites are passed directly …

This work represents the modern state of research on schooling behavior in fish, its basic
patterns, and causal mechanisms. We consider the occurrence of schooling in fish, the …

The author shares some lessons learned from a lifetime of working with and thinking about
groups. Three types of groups are described, including the impact they have on the …

Predators and food are the keys to understanding fish shoals; synchronised co-operation
defeats predators, and optimal food gathering in shoals reflects a shifting balance between …

Despite the depiction of nature" red in tooth and claw", cooperation is actually widespread in
the animal kingdom. Various types of cooperative behaviors have been documented in …

This paper describes continuum models for swarming behavior based on non-local
interactions. The interactions are assumed to influence the velocity of the organisms. The …

Noninvasive species identification remains a long‐term goal of fishers, researchers, and
resource managers who use sound to locate, map, and count aquatic organisms. Since the …

In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated
movements [1–4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that …

Shoaling behaviour is generally described as a trade‐off between the anti‐predator benefits
of living in groups and the costs of increased foraging competition. An individual's fitness …

Aggregation is a well documented behaviour in a number of animal groups. The “confusion
effect” is one mechanism thought to mitigate the success of predators feeding on gregarious …