The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas
content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice …

In recent decades, the land-ocean aquatic continuum, commonly defined as the interface, or
transition zone, between terrestrial ecosystems and the open ocean, has undergone …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to
anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased over the last two decades in
response to changes in global climate, motivating the scientific community to question how …

Trace elements sustain biological productivity, yet the significance of trace element
mobilization and export in subglacial runoff from ice sheets is poorly constrained at present …

Meltwater discharge from tidewater glaciers impacts the adjacent marine environment. Due
to the global warming, tidewater glaciers are retreating and will eventually terminate on land …

An increasing body of work has shown the potential impacts of subglacial discharge from
marine‐terminating glaciers on the marine environment around Greenland. Upwelling of …

Thermodynamic ablation of ice in contact with the ocean is an essential element of ice sheet
and ocean interactions but is challenging to model and quantify. Building on earlier …