This review article comprehensively discusses the energy requirements and currently used
energy storage systems for various space applications. We have explained the development …

Recent advances in robotic design, autonomy and sensor integration create solutions for the
exploration of deep-sea environments, transferable to the oceans of icy moons. Marine …

Enceladus's long-lived plume of ice grains and water vapor makes accessing oceanic
material readily achievable from orbit (around Saturn or Enceladus) and from the moon's …

Ice worlds are at the forefront of astrobiological interest because of the evidence of
subsurface oceans. Enceladus in particular is unique among the icy moons because there …

The field of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has seen massive technological
advances and decreasing costs over the last decade. Due to the higher prevalence and …

One model for the emergence of life posits that ancient, low temperature, submarine alkaline
hydrothermal vents, partly composed of iron-sulfides, were capable of catalyzing the …

Evidence suggests that Saturn's icy moon Enceladus has a subsurface ocean that sources
plumes of water vapor and ice vented to space from its south pole. In situ analyses of this …

Halite is one of the most extreme environments to support life. From the drought of the
Atacama Desert to salt deposits up to Permian in age and 2000 meters in burial depth, live …

In this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface
exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter's moon Europa and …

Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron‐rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the
McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier …