Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass
and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the …

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the
sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone …

A eubiotic microbiota influences many physiological processes in the metazoan host,
including development and intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have shown that the intestinal …

Estrogen deficiency causes a gut microbiome–dependent expansion of BM Th17 cells and
TNF-α–producing T cells. The resulting increased BM levels of IL-17a (IL-17) and TNF …

IL-17A (IL-17), a driver of the inflammatory phase of fracture repair, is produced locally by
several cell lineages including γδ T cells and Th17 cells. However, the origin of these T cells …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease characterized by low bone mass and altered bone
microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. Classical theories hold that …

The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune
system are attracting more attention, which is develo** into the field of Osteoimmunology …

Osteoporosis develops when the rate of osteoclastic bone breakdown (resorption) exceeds
that of osteoblastic bone formation, which leads to loss of BMD and deterioration of bone …

Estrogens (estradiol, estriol, and estrone) are important hormones that directly and indirectly
regulate the metabolism and function of bone and skeletal muscle via estrogen receptors …

In this study, for the first time we discovered that the M1/M2 macrophage phenotype ratio is
increased in bone marrow of ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic C57BL/6 mice. Considering …